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Select taxonomy SDG 1 – No Poverty SDG 10 – Reduced inequalities SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities & Communities SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption & Production SDG 13 – Climate Action SDG 14 – Life Below Water SDG 15 – Life on Land SDG 16 – Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions SDG 17 – Partnerships for the Goals SDG 2 – Zero Hunger SDG 3 – Good Health & Wellbeing SDG 4 – Quality Education SDG 5 – Gender Equality SDG 6 – Clean Water & Sanitation SDG 7 – Affordable & Clean Energy SDG 8 – Decent Work & Economic Prosperity* SDG 9 – Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure Circular Business Models - Design for disassembly - Design for longevity - Personlisation - Pro-sumerism Educational & Behavioural Change - Circular design education - Design Knowledge Hubs Policy Options - Durability standards - Eco-design guidelines Circular Business Models - Safe & Clean Materials - - Enhanced Traceability - - Sustainable by design Educational & Behavioural Change - Safe & Clean Materials - - Research on safe substitute materials - - Sustainability in materials engineering education - Sustainable Material Production Policy Options - Safe & Clean Materials - - Binding minimum Standards & complimentary voluntary targets - - Phasing out of chemicals of concern - - Quality & safety requirements - Sustainable Material Production - - Demand for secondary materials - - Resource Taxes on raw/new materials - - Sustainable sourcing labelling - - Use of secondary materials Circular Business Models - Distribution - - Digitalisation & online platforms - Production - - Local production - - Production on demand Educational & Behavioural Change - Production - - Circular Product Awareness Policy Options - Production - - Investment support for SMEs - - R&D support - - Sustainable production & product policies - - Tax on resource use & environmental impact Circular Business Model - Longer Use - - Durable products - - Maintenance Services - - Repair Services - Reuse as Product - - Take-back & resale/reuse stores/platforms - Shared Use - - Renting & leasing services/sharing platforms Educational & Behavioural Change - Longer Use - - Promoting longer use - - Repair skills & DIY Maintenance Guidelines - Reuse as Product - - Promoting Reuse - Shared Use - - Mind-shift from owning to sharing Policy Option - Longer Use - - Labour subsidies - - Reduced VAT on repair - Reuse as Product - - Competition support to second hand stores - - Reduced VAT on second hand - - Reuse targets - Shared Use - - Green public procurement - - Legal support - - Reducing VAT on sharing - - Startup & SME investment funding & support Circular Business Models - Collection - Reuse as Material - - Reuse of materials - - Upcycling - Waste Prevention Educational & Behavioural Change - Collection - Reuse as Material - - Demand for recycled materials & products - - Revaluing handicraft - Waste Prevention - - Waste prevention campaigns Policy Options - Collection - Reuse as Material - - Quality requirements for recycled materials - - Recycling & recycled content targets - Waste Prevention - - Clear end-of-waste criteria - - Extended producer responsibility - - Investment funding & support - - Taxes and bans on incineration and landfill Agriculture, landscape and road material - Clay - Fertilisers - Other - Sand - Silt - Top-soil Batteries Chemicals - Dye - Other - Paint - Pigment - Solvent Construction material - Bricks - Cement - Ceramics - Gyproc - Natural stone - other - Plaster Electronics - Cables - Computer boards - other Energy - Diesel - Electricity - Lubricant - Natural gas - other - Petrol General waste - General waste - Mixed paper - Mixed plastic - Mixed waste Glass - Coloured bottles - other - White bottles - Windows Metals - Aluminium - Brass - Copper - other - Stainless steel - Steel - Tin - Zinc Organic matter - Animal products - Food - other - Vegetation Other Paper - Cardboard - Graded paper - other Plastics - Bioplastics - Hard plastics - other - PVC - Soft plastics Textile - Cotton - Hemp - Leather - Mixed - other - Polyester - Wool Thermodynamics - Cold - Heat Water - Blackwater - Freshwater - Non-potable water - other Wood - Hardwood - OSB - other - Palettes (Euro) - Palettes (non-Euro) - Plywood - Softwood Consumption/Stock Design Materials Production/Distribution Waste TRL 0 - IDEA TRL 1 - BASIC RESEARCH TRL 2 - TECHNOLOGY FORMULATION TRL 3 - APPLIED RESEARCH TRL 4 - SMALL SCALE PROTOTYPE TRL 5 - LARGE SCALE PROTOTYPE TRL 6 - PROTOTYPE SYSTEM TRL 7 - DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM TRL 8 - FIRST OF A KIND COMMERCIAL SYSTEM TRL 9 - FULL COMMERCIAL APPLICATION Macro - Cities, Regions, Nations Meso - Network, Cluster & Eco-Industrial Parks Meta - Global Micro - Company/Organisation - Nano - User, Product, Component & Material 3D printing Artificial Intelligence Augmented Reality Big Data Cloud DLT (Blockchain..) EdTech Energy Fintech Nanotech Networks Robotics Satellite Sensors SmartCity SmartHomes Transport/Drones Virtual Reality Citizen Financial Sector Fourth Sector Informal Sector Knowledge Sector Private Sector Public Sector Third Sector Global Hyperlocal Local National Regional Supranational B2B - Business to Business B2C - Business to Consumer B2G - Business to Government G2B - Government to Business G2C - Government to Consumer G2G - Government to Government P2P - Peer to Peer not applicable Peri-urban Rural Urban Batteries and vehicles Construction & Buildings Electronics and ICT Food, water and nutrients Packaging Plastics Textiles - Assamese Bengali Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti English Español Français Gaeilge Gujarati Hindi Hrvatski Inuktut - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ Italiano Kannada Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Malayalam Malti Marathi Nederlands Norsk Odia Polski Portuguese Punjabi Română Sanskrit Santali Slovenčina Svenska Tamil Telugu Urdu Developing Social Capital in partnership with others (ie families, communities, businesses, trade unions, educational, voluntary organisations) Improved wellbeing Increased access to services/products Increased contacts among people Increased emergency preparedness Increased employment Increased Human Capital - people's health, knowledge, skills and motivation Increased inclusion Increased local pride Increased local resilience Increased physical activity Increased quality of life Less hierarchical organisations New community space Reduced gender inequalities Reduced social pressure Alternative revenue streams Increased competitiveness Increased Financial Capital Increased Manufactured Capital - material goods or fixed assets which contribute to the production process rather than being the output itself Increased value creation Job creation New markets Reduced economic pressure Reduced spending Stimulating innovation Environmental awareness Increased biodiversity Increased environmental stewardship Increased resource utilisation Preserving Natural Capital - stocks & flows of energy and material Reduced emissions Reduced waste SRL 1 - identifying problem and identifying potential solutions SRL 2 - formulation of problem and proposed solution(s) - identifying relevant stakeholders for the project SRL 3 - initial testing of proposed solution(s) together with relevant stakeholders SRL 4 - problem validated through pilot testing in relevant environment SRL 5 - proposed solution(s) validated by relevant stakeholders in the area SRL 6 - solution(s) demonstrated in relevant environment and in co‐operation with relevant stakeholders to gain initial feedback on potential impact SRL 7 - refinement of project and/or solution and, if needed, retesting in relevant environment with relevant stakeholders SRL 8 - proposed solution(s) as well as a plan for societal implementation SRL 9 - integrated into society CULTURAL - Change of mindset - Company/community culture - Consumer interest and awareness - Lack of leadership - Limited understanding on impacts - Negative gender norms, status and values - Operating in a linear system - Resistance by key stakeholders seeking the status quo - Shareholder concerns dominate corporate governance - Willingness to collaborate in the value chain MARKET - Complementary skills/services required - Demand for low prices - Dependencies on natural capital - High planning and management costs - High upfront investment costs - International and geopolitical competition - Lack of fiscal tools for internalizing environmental costs - Limited funding - Limited reverse logistics capacity - Low virgin material prices - Technology and infrastructure path dependency & lock-in - Traceability/transparency in the value chain REGULATORY - Absence of consistently applied standards and protocols - Circularity is not efficiently integrated into innovation policies - Competition regulations block cooperation between companies (anti-trust - Governance issues related to responsibility and property - Government incentive support the linear economy - Lack of global consensus - Limited Circular Procurement - Obstructing laws and regulations - Recycling policies are not efficient enough to yield high quality - Strict planning and permission hurdles SOCIAL - Consumption habits - Lack of awareness - Lack of civic engagement - Lack of community connection - Lack of sense of urgency - Lack of trust - Negative socio-economic status associated with sharing & buying second-hand - Social status linked to consumption TECHNOLOGICAL - Ability to deliver high quality remanufactured products - Circular design - Complexity of the materials to be recycled - Geographic dispersion of products/materials - Geographic dispersion of supply chains - Inability to reach 100% recycling - Limited gender and ethnic diversity in technology - Regional service economy infrastructure - Spatial and temporal limits - Strategy to extend product service life - Thermodynamic limits - Too few large scale projects - Use of rare earths in technologies CULTURAL - A creative and skilled problem-solving resource - Better consideration of the labour force - Integration of the CE concept into training and educational programs - Preparation of future professional practices and understanding - Reduced gender inequality - Supporting an inclusive workforce MARKET - Access to regional / global supply of secondary materials & by products - Competitive advantage for early adopters - Digital infrastructure - Functional service economy (XaaS) - Knowledge of impact - Need for a long-term vision by businesses - New alliances and collaborations - Valuing the services, not only the products - provided by nature REGULATORY - Assess progress using reliable indicators for imports and local production while accounting for the life cycles of products - Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) - Foster the development of new technologies with the support of public authorities - Green & Circular Procurement - Investment in education and employment services to prepare the market for the next economy - No or low VAT on circular products and services - Promote public-private partnerships to better counter and lift political barriers - Provide access to funding to encourage experimentation, innovation and redesign - Social Procurement - Tax shift from Labour to Resources - Use of circular performance indicators by governments, investors and businesses can encourage the value chain to become more circular SOCIAL - Change in the choices made by consumers - Civic engagement and voluntary activities - Increased status related to second-hand and circular products - More inclusive and connected communities - Shared norms, values, attitudes, and beliefs - Stronger personal connections TECHNOLOGICAL - Better waste processing - Biomimicry innovation - emulating natures strategies - Digital technologies and engineering to support business models - Higher quality of recycled materials - Implementing gender and ethnic diversity in technology - Increased efficiency - Increased environmental performance - Increased resource productivity, cost reductions CE Business Model CEBM (condensed) Circular Policy Economic Incentives Educational & Behavioural Shift Resource Active Approved Completed Concluded - Failed - limited timeframe pilot/project Declined Duplicate In Progress On Hold Open Planned Proposed Reviewed B Corporation Biodynamic Carbon Metric Cradle2Cradle EcoLabel Fairtrade FSC hållbarhetsstandarden 26000:2021 Life Cycle Analysis Materials Passport Multiple & Newly developed OEKO-TEX Organic Provenance Social LCA TM66 (Lighting) Open Source - Creative Commons - GNU General Public License (GPL) - GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL) - MIT Proprietary bamboo bicycles chopstick chopsticks clay clothing coffee grounds electronics fish sludge food waste furniture Household Waste LED screens packaging paint paper Plastic polystyrene recycled construction materials seeds sludge soil straw styrofoam textiles tools toys Urine wool Ammonia bags bicycles clothing coaster cutting board desk Fertilisers food games kits for growing mushrooms Light Light fixture Lingin Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Molded products (cups, plates, trays, to-go-boxes) mushrooms packaging phone stand Printing and writing paper Reused products school lunches shelving soil stationary Struvite tablet stand Tissue and towels wall decor water (treated) Moving to fossil free materials Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy Saving fossil resources Substituting carbon-intense products like plastics, concrete, steel and synthetic textiles for lower carbon alternatives Agriculture Bio-economy Built Environment Community Creative Arts/Culture Cultural Heritage Defence Design Education Electronics Energy Finance Food & Drink Health & Wellbeing Indigenous Logistics Manufacturing Maritime Material Flows Mining Mobility Networks & Hubs Plastic Procurement Product-as-a-Service Recycling Remanufacturing Repair Reuse Sanitation Sharing Social Enterprise Sports & Recreation Supply Chain Textiles Tourism & Hospitality Waste Management Water CAN-CECL1 GLO-2MRKT GLO-CSP1 GLO-FAIL1 GLO-INDI1 GLO-ROAD GLO-STH1 GLO-WHC1 IND-ICCE1 INT-FWST1 INT-HUBS1 INT-LOTS1 INT-MAT1 INT-PSN1 INT-TUR1 NDC-GRU1 NES-2020 NOR-OSL1 ROM-NCES1 SUK-2024 SUP-UKI1 SWE-CNET1 SWE-UME1 SWE-VAST2 org Org Interview Pending Researcher org Systems Entrepreneur Assessment of Circular Economy Strategies at the Product Level BIM-based Whole-life Performance Estimator Building Circularity Indicators C2C Indicators Circ(T) Circular Building Assessment Prototype Circular Business Model Set of Indicators based on Sustainability Circular Economic Value Circular Economy Benefit Indicators Circular Economy Index Circular Economy Indicator Prototype Circular Economy Measurement Scale Circular Economy Performance Indicator Circular Economy Toolkit Circular Gap Circular Pathfinder Circularity Assessment Model Circularity Calculator Circularity Check Circularity Index Circularity Measurement Toolkit Circularity of Material Quality Circularity Transition Indicators CirculyticS Closed Loop Calculator Ease of Disassembly Metric Economic-environmental Indicators Economic-Environmental Remanufacturing End of Life Best Practice Indicators End-of-Life Index Environmental Sustainability of Food Packaging indicators EoL indices Evaluation Index System of CE for PCFs Expended Zero Waste Practice Model Global Resource Indicator Improved Water Circularity Index Input-Output Balance Sheet Longevity and Circularity Material and Energy Circularity Indicators Material Circularity Indicator Material Efficiency in Supply Chains Spreadsheets Material Input Per Service Delivered Mine site MFA Indicator Multi-Criteria Evaluation Method of Product-Level Circularity Strategies Multidimensional Indicator Set Product Circularity Improvement Program Product Recovery Multi-Criteria Decision Tool Product Recycling Desirability Index Product-Level Circularity Metric PRP Circular e-Procurement Tool and The ReNtry R ©-module Recycling Indices for the CE Resource Duration Indicator Resource Efficiency Assessment of Products Reuse Potential Indicator Set of Indicators to Assess Sustainability Sustainability Performance Indicators Sustainable Circular Index Systems Indicators for Circular Economy Dashboard
